Provide syntheses for the following three compounds, using only the reactions known to proceed in good yields. You may start only with organic compounds containing three or fewer carbons and one functional group (i.e., only one aldehyde or only allken, but not unsaturated aldehyde) and malonic acid benzene or toluene. You may use an inorganic reagents, as well as special organic reagents (alkoxides, LDA, PCC, mCPBA, pyridine, Et_3N, etc.) which do not contribute carbons to the product.
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