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Expert Answer
answer of part a
SO2 is an unsymmetrical molecule (bent shape) and therefore has a dipole moment (a positive and a negative side to the molecule). This allows it to form stronger intermolecular forces (dipole-dipole forces) caused by electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ends. This means that the molecules require more energy to be separated from each other and so do not form a vapor as easily as CO2.
CO2 is linear and does not have a dipole moment. It has only weak intermolecular forces (Vanderwaal’s forces) and so the molecules require less energy to separate which results in more of the molecules existing in the gas phase at a given temperature and so a higher vapor pressure.
answer of part b
hydrogen flouride form stronger hydrogen bonding as compared to hydrogen chloride.As flourine has higher electronegativity than chlorine therfore flourine has higher value of partial positive charge than chlorine.also H of flouride has more positive charge than H of chloride.More is charge more is electrostatic interaction so stronger is hydrogen bond.
answer of part c
Both solids are held together by electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, which must be slightly overcome in order for melting to occur. Potassium fluoride is KF and consists of K+ and F- ions, whereas calcium oxide is CaO and consists of Ca2+ and O2- ions. The latter pair of ions has the higher charge, so the electrostatic forces are stronger. Therefore, CaO is held together more tightly than KF, and for this reason it is harder to melt.
answer of part d
Sncl2 Sn is in +2 state but in Sncl4 Sn is in +4 state. In all the compounds where they are in higher oxidation states the compounds will be covalent. more positive charge more is polarisation of elctron cloud so more sharing increases.threfore more is covalent character
