Ointments Essay

RIP H AH I N TER N ATIO NAL U NIV ER SIT Y D EP AR TM EN T O F P H AR M AC EU TIC AL S C IE N CES

Oin tm en ts

19.0 4.2 019

?  

Gro u p -B

Pharm – D 8

?th

?

Sem este r

RIP S – L ah ore

In du stria l P harm acy A ssig n m en t

SU BM IT TED T O : M a’a m S an a I ja z

ASSIG N M EN T # 1

1

Gro u p M em bers

1.

Nab eela Y ase en – 1 6 634

2.

La ib a P erv a iz – 4 002 16

3.

Hafs a S h akil – 4 00 226

4.

Sye d a M in ah il S h am si – 4 0 0562

5.

Min ah al A sif – 4 0 052 3

6.

Mah ru kh N ase em – 4 005 19

Con te n ts

1.

What a re o in tm en ts ?

2.

Typ es o f o in tm en ts

3.

Oin tm en ts b ase s

4.

Id eal o in tm en ts b ase

5.

Typ es o f o in tm en ts b ase s

6.

Pre p ara tio n o f o in tm en ts

7.

Bib lio gra p h y

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What a re o in tm en ts ?

“A n y g re a sy o r o ily s e m i- s o lid p re p ara tio n , u su ally m ed ic a te d , t h at c a n b e a p p lie d e xte rn ally t o

th e s k in in o rd er t o h ea l, s o oth e o r p ro te ct it .”

OR

“O in tm en ts a re v is c o u s s e m i- s o lid p re p ara tio n s f o r a p p lic a tio n t o t h e s k in .”

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Typ es o f O in tm en ts

Th ere a re t w o t y p es o f o in tm en ts :

1.

Unm ed ic a te d O in tm en ts

2.

Med ic a te d O in tm en ts

Unm ed ic a te d O in tm en ts :

“T h ese o in tm en ts ?

d o n ot c o n ta in a n y d ru gs?

. T h ese a re u se fu l a s e m ollie n ts a n d p ro te cta n ts ”

EX A M PLE :

? Petr o le u m je lly

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Med ic a te d O in tm en ts :

“ T h ese o in tm en ts ?

co n ta in d ru gs?

w hic h s h ow lo ca l o r s y ste m ic e ffe ct.”

EX A M PLE :

? Recta l o in tm en ts

? Opth alm ic o in tm en ts ,e tc .

RIP H AH I N TER N ATIO NAL U NIV ER SIT Y D EP AR TM EN T O F P H AR M AC EU TIC AL S C IE N CES

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What a re B ase s?

“T h e v e h ic le s u se d f o r a p h arm ace u tic a l s e m i- s o lid s a re c a lle d a s b ase s.”

Th ey

dif fe r

fr o m

th at

use d

fo r

a co sm etic s

beca u se

fo r

a co sm etic s ,

pen etr a tio n

in

to

th e s k in is n ot d esir e d .

Id eal O in tm en t B ase s

? Does n ot r e ta rd w ou nd h eali n g.

? Lo w s e n sit iz a tio n in dex.

? Ph arm ace u tic a l e le ga n ce .

? A lo w in dex o f ir rit a tio n .

? Non d eh yd ra tin g.

? Non g re asy .

? Good k e ep in g q u alit ie s.

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Typ es o f O in tm en t B ase s

Th ere a re f o u r m ajo r t y p es o f o in tm en t b ase s t h at a re c o m merc ia lly u se d :

I.

Ole agin ou s b ase s

II.

Abso rp tio n b ase s

III.

Wate r r e m ova b le b ase s

IV .

Wate r s o lu ble b ase s

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I.

Ole ag in ou s B ase s

Th ese b ase s a re u su ally a n hyd ro u s a n d c o n sis t o f s u b sta n ce s s u ch a s:

? Hyd ro ca rb on s?

( in clu de s o ft , liq u id a n d h ard p ara ffin )

? Veg eta b le o ils ?

( p ean u t o il, a lm on d o il, e tc )

? Silic o n es

(u se d

as

?barrie r

cre a m s

beca u se

of

th eir

wate r

re p elle n t

pro p ertie s

lik e

dim eth ic o n e)

? Certa in ?

sy n th etic e ste rs ?

e it h er a lo n e o r in c o m bin atio n .

CH AR ACTER IS T IC S O F O LE A G IN O US B A SE S

? Lo w c a p acit y ?

?

to a b so rb w ate r ?

(e m ollie n t e ffe ct)?

.  

? Exe rt h ig h o cclu siv e n ess?

b y f o rm in g w ate r im perm eab le la ye r o n s k in .

? Gre a sy ?

a n d t h us d if fic u lt t o r e m ove f r o m s k in .

? Pro lo n g c o n ta ct?

w it h s k in .

? Poor a esth etic ?

a p p eal.

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II.

Abso rp tio n B ase s

“T h ese b ase s a re u su ally a n hyd ro u s a n d t h ey d o a b so rb a q u eo u s s o lu tio n s.”

? Th ese a re c o n sid ere d a s ?

“w ate r in o il e m uls io n s”.

? Th e b ase s ?

do n ot a b so rb w ate r?

o n c o n ta ct, b u t w it h s u ff ic ie n t a git a tio n .

? Ab so rp tio n

base s

are

fo rm ed

by

th e

ad dit io n

of

su bsta n ce s

mis cib le

wit h

hyd ro ca rb on s

an d

poss e ssin g

pola r

gro u pin gs,

su ch

as

?su lf a te ,

su lf o n ate ,

ca rb oxyl, h yd ro xyl, o r e th er l i n kage .

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TY PES O F A BSO RPTIO N B A SE S

Abso rp tio n b ase s a re o f t h e f o ll o w in g t w o t y p es:

1.

Anh yd ro u s a b so rp tio n b ase s

2.

Hyd ro u s a b so rp tio n b ase s

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AN HYD RO US A BSO RPTIO N B A SE S

“T h ese b ase s a b so rb w ate r t o f o rm w ate r in o il e m uls io n s.”

EX AM PLE S:

? La n olin .

? Beesw ax

? Hyd ro p h ilic p etr o la tu m .

? Org a n osilic o n es.

HYD RO US A BSO RPTIO N B A SE S

“T h ese a re w /o e m uls io n s w it h a b ilit y t o a b so rb a d dit io n al w ate r.”

EX AM PLE :

? Hyd ro u s la n olin

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III.

Wate r- S o lu ble B ase s

“W ate r-s o lu ble v e h ic le s a re p re p are d f r o m m ix tu re s o f h ig h – a n d lo w -m ole cu la r-w eig h t

poly e th yle n e g ly co ls o r m acro go ls ,” w hic h h ave t h e g en era l f o rm ula :

HO CH ?

2?

[C H ?

2?

OCH ?

2?

]n CH ?

2?

OH

? Th ey

are

wate r

so lu ble

beca u se

of

th e

pre se n ce

of

man y

pola r

gro u ps

an d

eth er

lin ka ge s.

? Th e “ w ate r-s o lu ble ” b ase s a re a ls o k n ow n a s ?

gre a se le ss?

o in tm en t b ase s.

Hig h M ole cu la r W eig h t P oly e th yle n e G ly co ls

  Liq u id s

Modera te ly H ig h M ole cu la r W eig h t P oly e th yle n e G ly co ls

  Unctu ou s

Hig h er M ole cu la r W eig h t P oly e th yle n e G ly co ls

  So lid s

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EX AM PLE S:

? Po ly e th yle n e G ly co l O in tm en t

? Po ly b ase

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IV .

Wate r- R em ova b le B ase s

Th e w ate r-r e m ova b le b ase s a re o il- in -w ate r e m uls io n s a n d a re r e fe rr e d t o a s ?

“c re a m s”.

? Th e

wate r

re m ova b le

base s

fo rm

a ?se m ip erm ea b le

film

on

th e

sit e

of

actio n

fo ll o w in g

th e e va p ora tio n o f w ate r.

EX AM PLE S:

? Hyd ro p h il ic O in tm en t

? Van is h in g C re am

? Derm ab ase

? Velv a ch ol

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Pre p ara tio n o f O in tm en ts

Mach in es U se d i n t h e P re p ara tio n o f O in tm en ts

Th e

most

co m m on ly

use d

mach in es

fo r

th e

pre p ara tio n

of

oin tm en ts

on

a la rg e

sca le in in du str ie s a re :

? Ste am -ja ck e te d -k e ttle

? Collo id al M ill

? Agit a to r m ix e r

? Sig m a m ix e r

? Pla n eta ry m ix e r

ST A IN LE SS S T EA M J A CK ET ED K ET T LE

? Th ese

ke ttle s

are

sta in le ss

ste el

ste am

ja ck e te d

ve sse ls

whic h

are

use d

in

ph arm ace u tic a l in du str y f o r t h e p re p ara tio n o f o in tm en ts .

? Oin tm en ts

are

mostly

pre p are d

fr o m

tw o

dif fe re n t

ph ase s:

an

aq u eo u s

ph ase

an d

an o il p h ase .

? Both

th e

ph ase s

are

pre p are d

in

se p ara te

ke ttle s.

In

each

ke ttle

th e

mate ria ls

are

melt e d

wit h

th e

help

of

heat

pro vid ed

by

ste am

in

ja ck e t

of

ve sse l

an d

mix e d

pro p erly f o r e ach p h ase b efo re t h e t w o p h ase s a re b le n ded t o ge th er.

PR IN CIP LE :

Sta in le ss

ste el

ste am

ja ck e te d

ke tt le s

work

on

th e

prin cip le

of

?“h ea t

tr a n sfe r”

i. e .

co n du ctio n ?

. S te am is p ro vid ed u nder c o n tr o lle d p re ssu re .

BA SIC T Y PES A N D S IZ ES:

1.D ir e ct S te am :

  Req u ir e s e xte rn al s te am s u pp ly .

2.S e lf C on ta in ed M od els :

  M ake s it s o w n s te am

?TYPES:

? Gas H eate d

? Ele ctr ic H eate d

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CO LLO ID AL M IL L

? Th ey a re u se fu l in p re p ara tio n o f p h arm ace u tic a l s e m is o lid s.

? Collo id

mill

is

use d

fo r

grin din g,

dis p ers in g

an d

hom oge n iz in g

of

oin tm en t,

cre am ,

ge ls a n d h ig h v is co u s f lu id s in o n e o p era tio n .

? It

is

a ty p e

of

sh ear

mix e r

whic h

is

use d

to

mix

tw o

ph ase s

of

se m is o li d s

i. e .

oil

an d

aq u eo u s

ph ase

by

ap ply in g

sh ear

an d

fu rth er

re d u cin g

th e

partic le

siz e

to

make

th e

pre p ara tio n s m ooth a n d e le ga n t.

PR IN CIP LE :

It w ork s o n t h e p rin cip le o f?

?

sh ea rin g?

a n d ?

attr it io n ?

.  

CO NST R U CTIO N:

? A c o llo id al m ill c o n sis ts o f a C on ic a l R oto r a n d a s ta to r.

? Th e g a p b etw een t h em c a n b e a d ju ste d f r o m 0 .0 05 t o 0 .0 75cm s.

? Th e

ro to r

is

co n necte d

to

a hig h

sp ee d

moto r

whic h

ca n

re vo lv e

at

a sp ee d

of

3000-2 0,0 00 r .p .m .

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WORK IN G:

? Th e

mate ria l

to

be

gro u nd

is

alr e ad y

re d u ce d

to

as

fin e

partic le s

to

avo id

dam age

to

co llo id

mill,

th en

re d u ce d

mate ria ls

are

fe d

in to

th e

mach in e

th ro u gh

a hop per,

whic h is t h ro w n o u tw ard b y c e n tr if u ga l a ctio n .

? As

th e

mate ria l

passe s

th ro u gh

a narro w

ga p

betw een

Roto r

& Sta to r,

it s

siz e

is

re d u ce d

sin ce

here

we

are

usin g

it

fo r

mix in g

of

tw o

ph ase s

so

th e

mate ria l

wou ld

als o

be

hom oge n iz e d

an d

dis p ers e d

pro p erly

su ch

th at

th e

ou tp u t

wou ld

be

a ble n d

of t w o p h ase s h avin g f in e p artic le s a n d s m ooth a p peara n ce .

SIG M A-B LA D E M IX ER

PR IN CIP LE :

Th e p rin cip le o f m ix in g is ?

?

sh ea rin g.?

T h e s ig m a s h ap ed b la d es c re ate h ig h s h ear.

AD VA N TA G ES:

? It c re ate s a m in im um d ead s p ace d u rin g m ix in g.

? It is u se d f o r w et g ra n u la tio n

DIS A D VA N TA G ES:

? It w ork s a t a f ix e d s p eed

RIP H AH I N TER N ATIO NAL U NIV ER SIT Y D EP AR TM EN T O F P H AR M AC EU TIC AL S C IE N CES

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PLA N ET A R Y M IX ER

PR IN CIP LE :

Th e p rin cip le o f m ix in g is ?

sh ea r.

WORK IN G:

Sh ear

is

ap plie d

betw ee n

movin g

bla d e

an d

sta tio n ary

wall.

Th e

mix in g

arm

move s

aro u nd

it s

ow n

axis

an d

aro u n d

th e

ce n tr a l

axis

so

th at

it

re ach es

eve ry

sp ot

of

th e

ve sse l.

Th e

pla te s

in

th e

bla d e

are

slo p ed

so

th at

th e

pow der

make s

an

upw ard

move m en t

to

ach ie ve t u m blin g a ctio n .

CO NST R U CTIO N:

? Con sis ts

of

a ve rtic a l

cy li n der

sh ell

th at c a n b e r e m ove d .

? Th e

bla d e

is

mou n te d

fr o m

th e

to p o f t h e b ow l.

? Th e

mix in g

sh aft

is

driv e n

by

th e

pla n eta ry

ge ar

an d

it

is

norm ally

bu ilt w it h a v a ria b le s p eed d riv e .

RIP H AH I N TER N ATIO NAL U NIV ER SIT Y D EP AR TM EN T O F P H AR M AC EU TIC AL S C IE N CES

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Bib lio gra p h y

1.

LA CH M AN ,

L.,

& LIE B ER M AN N,

H.

A.

(2 0 13).

Th e

Th eo ry

an d

pra ctic e

of

in du str ia l

ph arm acy . N ew D elh i, C B S P u blis h ers & D is tr ib u to rs P vt. L td .

2.

Im age c re d it s – G oo gle I m age s

TH AN K Y O U

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