Introduction In this first step of the Core Assessment Paper, you will be completing an outline of the paper. For this part of the Core Assessment, you will select a theory and research the theory in terms of the historical intellectual, sociological, political, and economic factors of the period during which it was developed. Then you will need to outline your paper demonstrating what you have learned and how you might apply the theory. In other words, ask yourself: I am going to be a law enforcement officer, what theory would apply to law enforcement? I am going to be a corrections officer, what theory would apply to corrections? I am going to be a court administrator, what theory would apply to administrating in the court system? I am going to be “X”, what theory would apply to that occupation? Your final paper should demonstrate the value of understanding the relationship between criminological theory, research, and practice in the study of crime and criminal behavior. In doing so, it better equips you to comprehend the role of criminological theory and research in the development of criminal justice policies and practices in your current or future occupation. Below you will find an example outline for you to follow. Directions You will using your textbook to select a theory or theories and Park Library resources upon which to base your paper. Select a theory/theories. You may select from the following topics. Related Law Enforcement occupations to …………… Criminological Theory Relating court administration occupations to ………… Criminological Theory Relating correctional occupations to ………… Criminological Theory Relating criminal justice or related occupational profession to Criminological Theory Relating Violent Crime in America to ……..Criminological Theory Rape, Sexual Assault, and Special Victims as Related to . Criminological Theory Correctional Occupations (to include outreach / probation/ parole) relating treatment and prisoner re-entry to …….criminological theory Relationship to Crime in America ……. to Social Structure Theory Public Order Crimes Related to Crime in America related to ….Criminological Theory Crime of the New Millennium as Related to ………. Crime and Criminological Theory of the 21st Century Relating Social Class to Crime and Criminology to ………. Criminological Theory Social Class to Crime and Criminology …….related to Social Structure Theory The Background and Application of Political Crime and Terrorism as related to ….. Criminological Theory Causes, Effects, and Solutions on Crime related to …….Racial Profiling theory Victimless Crimes: Causes, Effects, and Solutions as related to ….Criminological Theory Comparing and Contrasting Major Theories of Criminology (Select Two): Social Structure; Social Process; Social Reaction; Deterrence and Rational Choice Explanations to Crime Related to …….Criminological Theory Research the theory in terms of how it has been applied historically, intellectually, sociologically, politically, and/or economically. You must utilize textbook plus at least four academic outside sources (note: academic sources at a minimum have an abstract and references section – do NOT simply do a Google search using Internet sources). Summarize the contemporary use of one (or two) theory (ies). Apply the theory (ies) selected to your current or projected occupation in the criminal justice field. This paper will reflect your effort to fully research a specific theory and apply the theory to your current or proposed occupation in the criminal justice field. The paper requirements include five to seven pages in APA format (1,250 to 1,750 words). Below is an example of an outline due at the end of Unit 4. Your draft paper is due by the end of Unit 5. You will receive instructor feedback upon which your will create the final version of the paper. Your final version of the Core Assessment (term paper) is due by the end of Unit 7. Sample Paper Outline The following outline is recommended for your paper. Introduction Definition of selected occupation law enforcement officer correction officer probation officer juvenile corrections officer court administrators court bailiff court researcher Definition of Theory, for example select one (not comprehensive): rational choice theory social learning theory social control theory deterrence theory conflict theory social structure theory Identify Victims and Offenders affected by the concepts of the theory. Characteristics of crime victims (as related to your theory and occupation) Typical victim features Psychological effects on victims Physical effects on victims Effects on society Characteristics of offenders Typical offender characteristics (type of crime, individual characteristics) Physical Characteristics comparisons: Sex, age, race, education, income, location Research examples of the theory being applied. Background Studies Related to Application of Theory (peer-reviewed studies) Study 1 Study 2 Study 3 Current events applied to the theory (optional, please reference all sources, but not included in total academic sources) Apply selected theory to current or projected occupation in criminal justice or related field Provide examples of practical application of the theory in your occupation Explain drawbacks to applying the theory in your occupation cultural detractors occupation detractors Strategy to overcome drawbacks Conclusion Would you use the theory to apply it to your occupation. Why or why not? References (in APA format) 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Criminology Outline

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Relating Violent Crime in America to the Social Learning Criminological Theory

Introduction

In criminology, there are different ways in which different individuals serve their purpose in the criminal justice system. For instance, magistrates and judges usually look at the law, facts and evidence to ensure that their decisions are in accordance to the tenets of justice. The selected occupation I have chosen is that of a law enforcement officer. The strict definition of a law enforcement officer refers to the person with the legal mandate to enforce the law for the jurisdiction they are serving (Police Executive Research Forum, 2014). For instance, a law enforcement officer may be a police officer mandated to carry out operations on drug trafficking individuals in a particular place. The role of the law enforcement officer is to therefore look at ways in which he will investigate suspects, apprehend them and prepare the necessary court documents for charging the suspect.

Definition of Theory

The theory of choice for this paper will be the social learning theory. Simply defined, the social learning theory refers to a crime trait that is learned from the criminal leaning criminal traits from the people they spend time with. The social learning theory avers that where an individual grows up in a lower socio-economic background with heightened criminal activity, then the child’s company of the adults in the area will slowly transform him into a criminal (Gagnon, 2018). For instance, a male adolescent growing up in the projects with the company of criminals may inevitably dispose him to have criminal tendencies. In addition, the lack of basic supplies may also be a motivation to the criminal tendencies the individual will be showing.

Identify Victims and Offenders affected by the concepts of the theory.

Characteristics of crime Victims

1. The victims are usually acquaintances of the criminal. They may be neighbors or people the criminal has spend time with who become the targets.
2. The victims are usually shocked by the sudden change of behavior in the aggressor. For instance, they may be in shock to come into terms with their neighbors robbing them.
3. The physical effects of crime on the victims are usually mild. Depending on the aggressor, they may be fatal.
4. The effect of criminal activity on society relates to the distaste of the aggressor.

Characteristics of offenders

1. Typical offender characteristics include changing from the responsible individual they once were to become the criminal they have become.
2. Most of the offenders in the social learning theory are male. They range from the age of adolescence to their middle ages. They are mostly drop outs although some have a good background in education.

 

1. Research examples of the theory being applied.
   1. Background Studies Related to Application of Theory (peer-reviewed studies)
      1. Study 1

Ridgeway, G., & MacDonald, J. M. (2014). A method for internal benchmarking of criminal justice system performance. Crime & Delinquency, 60(1), 145-162.Salisbury, E. J. (2013). Social learning and crime. The Oxford handbook of criminological theory, 116-130.

1. 1. 1. Study 2

Gagnon, A. (2018). Extending social learning theory to explain victimization among gang and ex-gang offenders. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 0306624X18763761.

1. 1. 1. Study 3

Rosenfeld, R. (2018). STUDYING CRIME TRENDS: NORMAL SCIENCE AND EXOGENOUS SHOCKS. Criminology, 56(1), 5-26.

Current events applied to the theory (optional, please reference all sources, but not included in total academic sources)

Gun violence in the United is at an all time high. There have been different cases of shooting in different states in the United States which have necessitated criminological evaluation on their occurrence and solution.

1. Apply selected theory to current or projected occupation in criminal justice or related field

One example of a practical application of the social learning theory can be inferred from the data focusing on crime rates in lower socio-economic areas. The social learning theory proves that in a situation where the social structure does not absolutely prohibit criminal activity, then most of that society will have the criminal tendencies innate in them.

1. 1. In application to a law enforcement officer, the social learning theory prematurely concludes the criminal tendencies of different people as situated in a particular area. As such many innocent victims are charged with wrongful crimes and sentences.
   2. Occupational detractors include criminal attacks on officers especially in areas with inadequate security measures in place.
   3. Strategy to overcome drawbacks

To overcome drawbacks, the law enforcement professional must have back up while on operations (Ridgeway & McDonald, 2014). In addition, sanitization of crime prone areas and public education is important to reduce the happenstance of criminal risks.

1. Conclusion
   1. Would you use the theory to apply it to your occupation? I would use the social learning theory in my law enforcement career for various reasons. The reason for the application is to understand the criminal tendencies in particular areas of my jurisdiction. For instance, understanding particular crime hotspots will be instrumental in rooting out criminal characters from society into correctional facilities.

 

References

Gagnon, A. (2018). Extending social learning theory to explain victimization among gang and ex-gang offenders. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 0306624X18763761.

Police Executive Research Forum, (author.). (2014). Future trends in policing. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, US Department of Justice.

Ridgeway, G., & MacDonald, J. M. (2014). A method for internal benchmarking of criminal justice system performance. Crime & Delinquency, 60(1), 145-162.Salisbury, E. J. (2013). Social learning and crime. The Oxford handbook of criminological theory, 116-130.

Rosenfeld, R. (2018). STUDYING CRIME TRENDS: NORMAL SCIENCE AND EXOGENOUS SHOCKS. Criminology, 56(1), 5-26.